What happens when Lung Collapses?

When a lung collapses, it is known as pneumothorax. This occurs when air leaks into the pleural space, the area between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse partially or fully. The pleural space is normally filled with a small amount of fluid that helps the lung move smoothly as you breathe. When air enters this space, it disrupts the pressure balance and causes the lung to lose its ability to expand properly.

What Happens During a Collapsed Lung (Pneumothorax)?

1. Air Leakage:
   • The lung may develop a tear, ruptured air sacs (blebs), or be punctured by an external force, allowing air to leak into the pleural space. This air prevents the lung from fully expanding when you inhale.
2. Pressure Imbalance:
   • The pleural space relies on a negative pressure environment to keep the lung inflated. When air enters this space, it changes the pressure dynamics, causing the lung to collapse.
3. Breathing Difficulty:
   • With less lung tissue available to take in oxygen, you may experience difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, and a feeling of tightness or pain in the chest.
4. Pain:
   • The collapse can be painful. The sharp, stabbing pain is often felt on one side of the chest and may worsen with deep breathing or coughing.
5. Decreased Oxygen Levels:
   • If a large portion of the lung collapses, there is less surface area available for oxygen exchange, which can lead to lower blood oxygen levels and cause symptoms like cyanosis (bluish color in lips, fingers, or toes).
6. Pressure on Other Organs:
   • In severe cases, such as with tension pneumothorax, the air can build up and create pressure on the heart and other vital organs. This is a medical emergency and can be life-threatening if not treated immediately.